The word “Hosanna” is a significant biblical term that appears in both the Old and New Testaments. It carries deep theological meaning and is often associated with praise, salvation, and the coming of the Messiah. This study will explore the origins, biblical usage, and spiritual significance of this term as found in the NKJV Bible. Understanding the depth of “Hosanna” enriches our worship and deepens our faith, reminding us of the hope and salvation found in Jesus Christ.
Etymology and Origins
The word “Hosanna” originates from the Hebrew phrase “Hoshia Na” (הושיעה נא), which means “Save now” or “Save, we pray.” This phrase appears in the Old Testament, specifically in Psalm 118:25, which states:
“Save now, I pray, O LORD; O LORD, I pray, send now prosperity.” (Psalm 118:25, NKJV)
Over time, this term evolved in Jewish liturgical use, becoming an expression of joy and praise rather than simply a plea for salvation. By the time of Jesus, it had taken on a messianic connotation, expressing both a cry for deliverance and a declaration of faith in the coming King. This transformation reflects the dynamic nature of language and the way religious expressions can evolve within a cultural context.
In the Old Testament
While the exact word “Hosanna” is not found in the English translations of the Old Testament, its Hebrew root “Hoshia Na” is found primarily in Psalm 118:25. This psalm was widely recognized as a messianic psalm, celebrating God’s deliverance and the arrival of the King. The context of this psalm is crucial, as it was sung during significant Jewish festivals, highlighting its importance in the collective memory of the people.
Psalm 118 was often recited during the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), where Jewish worshipers would wave palm branches and chant prayers for salvation. This practice directly connects to the New Testament’s use of “Hosanna” during Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The act of waving palm branches symbolizes victory and triumph, further enriching the meaning of the term as it relates to Jesus’ mission.
In the New Testament
The word “Hosanna” appears several times in the New Testament, especially in the context of Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The most famous usage is found in Matthew 21:9:
“Then the multitudes who went before and those who followed cried out, saying: ‘Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the LORD! Hosanna in the highest!'” (Matthew 21:9, NKJV)
This moment fulfilled the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9, which foretold the coming of the Messiah:
“Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; He is just and having salvation, Lowly and riding on a donkey, A colt, the foal of a donkey.” (Zechariah 9:9, NKJV)
The crowd’s exclamation of this term demonstrated their recognition of Jesus as the promised Messiah. They were not only pleading for deliverance but also declaring their belief that Jesus was the One who would bring salvation. This duality of meaning-both a cry for help and a proclamation of faith-captures the essence of what it means to truly worship.
Theological Significance of the Term
1. A Cry for Salvation
In its original Hebrew usage, this term was a plea for God to save His people. This meaning still holds when the crowd in Jerusalem shouted it to Jesus. They were essentially calling upon Him as their Savior, fulfilling the prophecies about the Messiah. The urgency in their cry reflects a deep yearning for divine intervention and hope in a time of oppression.
2. An Expression of Praise
By the time of Jesus, this term had also become an expression of joyous praise. It was no longer just a request for deliverance but also a declaration of thanksgiving. When the people shouted “Hosanna in the highest!” they were ascribing the highest honor and glory to God. This transformation in meaning emphasizes the importance of worship as a response to God’s goodness and mercy.
3. Recognition of Jesus as King
The crowd’s use of “Hosanna” in connection with “the Son of David” signifies their acknowledgment of Jesus as the rightful King of Israel. This was a messianic title, affirming that Jesus was the long-awaited descendant of David, who would establish God’s kingdom. Their recognition of Jesus as King was a pivotal moment in the narrative of the Gospels, setting the stage for the events that would follow.
4. Fulfillment of Prophecy
The use of “Hosanna” during Jesus’ triumphal entry directly fulfilled Old Testament prophecies, particularly Psalm 118:25-26, which states:
“Save now, I pray, O LORD; O LORD, I pray, send now prosperity. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD! We have blessed you from the house of the LORD.” (Psalm 118:25-26, NKJV)
This prophecy was fulfilled when the people proclaimed these exact words as Jesus entered Jerusalem. The fulfillment of prophecy is a significant theme throughout the Bible, demonstrating God’s sovereignty and faithfulness to His promises.
Other New Testament References
This term appears in other Gospel accounts of Jesus’ triumphal entry:
- Mark 11:9-10 – “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the LORD! Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”
- Luke 19:38 (though “Hosanna” is not used, the crowd declares a similar message): “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the LORD! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!”
- John 12:13 – “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the LORD! The King of Israel!”
The Lasting Impact
1. Hosanna in Christian Worship
The word “Hosanna” remains a powerful expression of praise in Christian worship today. Many hymns and songs incorporate “Hosanna” to acknowledge Jesus as Savior and King. This enduring use of the term highlights its significance in the life of the church and the ongoing celebration of Christ’s victory over sin and death.
2. A Call to Recognize Jesus as Lord
The cry of “Hosanna” challenges believers to recognize Jesus as the only One who can truly save. Just as the people of Jerusalem declared Jesus as their King, Christians today are called to submit to His lordship and trust in His salvation. This recognition is essential for a vibrant faith and a meaningful relationship with God.
3. A Reminder of Christ’s Ultimate Victory
Though the same crowds that shouted “Hosanna” later called for Jesus’ crucifixion, His resurrection proved that He was indeed the promised Savior. The plea for salvation embedded in “Hosanna” was ultimately fulfilled through Christ’s death and resurrection. This victory over death assures believers of their own hope and future in Christ.
Conclusion
The term “Hosanna” carries profound significance, reflecting both a cry for salvation and an expression of praise. Its roots in the Old Testament highlight a deep yearning for divine intervention, which was fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ. As the crowds welcomed Him into Jerusalem, they recognized Him not only as their Savior but also as the promised King, fulfilling ancient prophecies.
Today, “Hosanna” continues to resonate in Christian worship, reminding believers of Christ’s victory over sin and death. It calls us to acknowledge Jesus as Lord and to trust in His salvation. As we use this powerful term in our worship, let us embrace its rich meaning, celebrating our faith in the One who saves.
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